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浅谈英语写作中语言丰富性和句型多样性的方法
中图分类号:A 文献标识码:A 文章编号:(2023)-49-117
英语写作是一种重要的语用功能,但在高中英语教学中,我发现语言贫乏是写作中常见的一大问题,如何丰富写作语言,让写作句型多样性就显得至关重要。这就需要我们在润色文章的时候花功夫琢磨如何让句子呈现不一样的结构,让文章更加出彩。在英文写作中,如果能驾驭丰富多样的句式结构,文章就会非常出彩。下面介绍几种能使语言更为丰富的方法。
1.巧用不同词性。在文段中如果多次提到同一概念,可以切换不同词性,减少重复性。如“股票跌得厉害”可以是:
The stock price decreases sharply.(decrease sharply动词+副词)
The stock price undergoes a sharp decrease.(sharp decrease形容词+动词)
掌握这一技能需要有足够的词汇储备量,尤其要对词性比较敏感。下面列举了一些常见后缀,词性间有时可以相互转化,如weak(adj.)-weaken(v.),positive(adj.)-positivity(n.),eat(v.)-eatable(adj.)
常见名词词性后缀-ness, -ment, -tion, -ity
常见动词词性后缀-ate, -en, -fy, -ize
常见形容词词性后缀-ive, -able, -ish, -ous
2.多用同义表达。写作中如果同样的词反复出现,会使读者觉得语言贫乏,因此可以选择一些意思相近的词进行替换,比如“越来越多”除了用more and more,还可以用an increasing number of:
More and more people travel abroad.
An increasing number of people travel abroad.
3.运用多样化句式。写作中想要表达的意义往往可以有多种句式来实现。比如“他没有意识到教育的重要性”可以是:
He didn’t recognize the importance of education.
He failed to recognize the importance of education.
It didn’t occur to him that education was important.
4. 状语前置。所谓状语前置就是把状语放到句首,突出状语部分的内容。这种方式不仅可以引起读者注意,而且在几个长句中出现一个小短语,可以让句子产生长短结合的紧凑感。状语的形态可以是副词,介词短语,分词,不定式等,如:
1)To become successful, more skills and dedication are required. (to do不定式)
2)Obviously, education systems are based on the belief that different skills can be learnt. (副词)
3)Like self-awareness, this is also very difficult to achieve.. (介词短语)
5. 倒装句。将句子中的某一成分放在反常位置(如将形容词、副词、方式状语等提前),以达到强调效果。句子主干成分需要进行倒装,即将助动词或谓语动词放在主语之前。先看两个例子:
1)Parents should spend time on their children. They should also communicate with them.
2) We can never lose sight of the significance of education.
这两个句子没有任何错误,但都很单调平淡,如果使用倒装,效果就不一样了。
第一句可以用not only /but also 句型来改写成倒装句:Not only should parents spend time on their children, they are also advised to interact with them.
第二句可以否定词提前,强调突出“不可忽视”:Never can we lose sight of the significance of education.
再来看更多的例子:
1)Only in this way can this problem be effectively solved.(主语放在助动词后)
2)We can see that not only are there very large differences between these economies, but that these gaps are widening.(there be倒装)
6. 强调句。强调句的句式框架结构为It is+被强调的成分+that/who+句子剩余成分, 类似于中文的“正是…导致了…”的意思。例如:
1)It is the interaction of the two that shapes a person’s personality.
2)It is only those who reach the very top of their profession who can get these huge salaries.
强调句式是比较难把握的一种句型,容易和it引导的形式主语(it is + adj.+ that …)相混淆,其实我们可以通过去掉It is… that…/It is…who…的框架看剩下的是否是一个完整的句子来判断强调句写的是否正确。如果去掉it is that 之后是完整的句子,那么这就是强调句,反之则不是。
英语写作中语言的丰富性和句型多样性不是一日之功,需要长期积累。平时要注意:
1. 多看好文章,同时针对里面的词汇和句型的多样性进行总结;
2. 加强练习,写完作文经常进行同义替换训练。替换时可多多查阅网络资料和字典。如《新牛津同义词词典》会给出所查之词的例句和该例句下的替换词汇。