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中考英语阅读理解专题探讨

龙晓红
  
小作家报·教研博览
2024年38期
江西省吉安市青原区滨江学校 343009

中考英语作为初中教育阶段的重要考试之一,不仅考察学生的基础知识掌握情况,更侧重于评估其语言运用能力和综合分析能力。阅读理解作为中考英语的重要组成部分,不仅分值比重高(占120分里的46分),而且题型多样,内容涉及广泛,是学生备考中的重点和难点。本文旨在探讨中考英语阅读理解各种题型的复习策略,帮助学生提高解题效率和准确率。

一、中考英语阅读理解的特点

1、题材广泛,中考阅读理解文章涵盖故事、科普、文化、教育、生活等多个领域,要求学生具备较为广泛的知识面和快速获取信息的能力。2、题型多样,它分为两大部分:1)选择型阅读理解考题类型包括:细节理解题\排序题;词义/句义猜测题、指代题;.推理判断题、出处题;文章结构题;主旨大意题等。2)还原短文型阅读理解,即七选五。要求学生不仅理解字面意思,还要能进行深层次的逻辑分析和推理。3、信息量大,文章篇幅适中,但信息密度高。要求学生具备快速阅读和有效提取关键信息的能力。

二、复习策略,针对不同题型采用不同解题技巧

(一)、细节理解题

1.考查方向:把握文章的事实和细节的能力,注重细节或事实。涉及内容广: 时间、地点、人物、数字、原因、结果、文字结构等

2.常见提问形式:

(1)According to the passage, when/where/what / who/how/why…?

(2)Which of the following statements is TRUE?

(3)According to the passage, all of the following are true EXCEPT…

(4)Which of the following is not mentioned?

(5)Which of the following is Not True in the passage?

(6)Choose the right order of this passage.

(7)From this passage we know ________.

解题技巧1:题干定位法

1)认真审题,找准关键词

2)浏览文章,迅速定位

3)细读相关文段,确定答案

e.g. How many species of bees are there in the world?

...during the time they‘ve found a position in almost every part of the earth. There are over 20,000species(物种)of bees, but these wonderful insects-who’ve survived(存活)a whole host of chances since they first appeared on our planet are now in great danger.

解题技巧2:选项定位法

1)认真审选项,找准关键词

2)浏览文章,迅速定位

3)细读相关文段,逐个判断,确定答案

...It seems that everybody tells lies-- well , not big lies. but what we call "white lies". Telling white lies isn't really that bad. Most of the time , people do it because they want to protect a friendship.

e.g. Which of the following is NOT true ?

A. White lies are not big lies

B. In fact, everybody tells lies.

C. People tell white lies to protect a friendship.

D. White lies are harmful to friendship.

(二)、词义,句义猜测,指代题

1.考查方向:根据上下文猜测生词的含义的能力。

猜测题是阅读理解部分常见的一个测试项目,一是超纲词含义的推断,另一个是熟词僻义或是在特定场合的意思。

2.常见提问形式:

(1)The word “______” in the passage probably means ________.

(2)The underlined word “It” in the passage refers to _______.

(3)In this story the underlined word “_______” means ________.

(4)Here “it” means________.

3.做题技巧:

(1)前后句及上下文进行猜测。注意与这个词紧密相连的前后几个词语的意思,前后文所带感情色彩,以及连词。

(2)利用构词法来进行猜测。常用的构词法有派生法,转化法以及合成法。如:Impolite, exchange ,Man-made , part-time.

e.g.1 Spring is a beautiful season. It’s from March to May. In spring, the trees turn green, and the flowers come out, everything looks new.

(    ) What’s the meaning of the underlined (下划线) words?

A.出来      B. 开花      C.出版      D. 鲜艳

e.g.2、Besides the usual classrooms and laboratories, the boarding schools have lots of other facilities for their students, including music rooms, swimming pools, cinemas and theaters.

The underlined word means____.

A. 教师      B. 设施      C. 活动      D. 课程

(三)、推理判断题

推断题就是根据某个事实推断结论,包括细节隐含意义、语义逻辑、作者态度、作者意图、文章出处、读者身份等的推断。

常考设问方式:

(1)What can we infer from the passage/the last paragraph?

(2)What can we know about XX from the passage?

(3)Choose the best sentence to fill in the blank“ _______”in Para. 3.

(4)What's the writer's opinion about environment?

(5)What's the purpose of the passage?

(6)Where may the passage come from?

(7)Who would the author write the passage mainly for?

(四)、文章结构题

文章结构题主要考查学生对语篇结构的理解常见结构有:总分;分总;总分总。

常考设问方式:

Which of the following best show the structure of the passage?

The structure of the passage may be____.

解题技巧:由小到大;由段到篇

1)找出每段的中心句,了解段落大意

2)将相同段落放在一起,进行结构划分

(五)、主旨大意题(最佳标题)

主旨大意题旨在考查学生对段落/全文主题、理解中心思想、归纳与概括信息的能力。

常考设问方式:

(1)What is the main idea of Paragraph X?

(2)What's the main idea of the passage?

(3)What does Paragraph X mainly talk about?

(4)What is the passage mainly about?

(5)What/Which would be the best title for the passage?

解题技巧:看内容看高频词(≧50%原则)

1)通读全文,明确文章大意(可跳读每段段首和短尾);2)提炼总结段落大意;3)分析选项选出最佳答案

注意:以偏概全;断章取义;主题放大;张冠李戴

三、还原短文型阅读理解(7选5)

1.细节设空题

经常出现在段中,考查段落句子内部之间逻辑关系。

2.衔接过渡设空题

出现在首段结尾或者段落中间,衔接设空前后内容。

3.主旨概括设空题

位置一般在段首,对段落主题句进行考查。(俗称“小标题”)

解题步骤:

1 通读全文,了解文章结构脉络,了解设空位置预判选填内容

2 读选项,明确每个选项具体内容,尤其注意那种过渡句和总结句

3 细读设空句前后内容,分析它们之间的逻辑关系

4 结合上述分析和选项试填答案

5 将初步确定答案代入原文,确保语义顺畅, 符合逻辑

注意连接词

转折让步:however , but, while, even if/though

并列递进:and , also, besides, first, second, not only... but also

因果:as , because, for, so, therefore, as a result

解释例证: for example, such as, that is to say, it means, in fact

记住,实践是提高的关键,所以尽早开始应用这些技巧,并持续练习。相信中考英语阅读理解成绩一定会有提高的。

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