【摘要】读后续写是高中学生面对的最大的挑战，作为一线教师，要探索更多显性的教学策略来帮助学生提升写作能力。英语副词是词类中非常重要的一类，本文尝试探索副词来提升学生的读后续写。

【关键词】高中;英语副词;提升;读后续写

研究表明，读后续写不仅可以促进学生的阅读和理解能力，而且还能提高学生的语言综合运用能力。很多学生在经历了高二的一段时间的学习，也接触了很多写作技巧。可是对于如何提升写作质量，需要教师探索更多显性的写作策略来帮助学生。英语副词是词性中很重要的一类。本人作为一线教师，尝试探索如何使用英语副词来提升读后续写。英语副词主要分成四大类：方式副词、时间副词、程度副词、频率副词，其功能是让动作执行者的动作更生动、具体。一般对于副词的研究停留在了语法功能上，即作状语、定语、表语和宾语补足语。然而，本文强调的是读后续写任务中副词的灵活使用。本人尝试着通过英语课程教学设计来探索如何把英语副词使用到读后续写这一个重要的任务，来缓解学生的写作压力，提高写作自我效能感。

一、理论基础

本研究以Schunk 和Zimmerman（1997）的写作社会认知理论作为基础。最初，学生观察教师建模的目标技能，然后战略性和故意地模仿他们观察到的行为。在这个中间阶段需要最初的脚手架，并逐渐减少，直到学生可以调节自己的行为，期间并不需要定期的外部或内部监控。

二、使用英语副词来提升读后续写的具体课堂操作步骤

1.让学生进行观察、对比、分析两个文段，总结英语副词的使用和功能

（一）

I expected them to turn away-and turn me away. Catching sight of their confused expression， I felt so nervous that my throat tightened. I thought to myself，“If only I hadn’t brought the smelly Chinese food，I would not face such a difficult situation.”Just at that very moment， an idea flashed in my mind，and it filled my mind with a great and bright light. I was determined to share it with them. With my heart beating wildly，I plucked up my courage and said，“Do you want to have a taste？” “Yes，” Katrina answered. Fortunately，the things just appeared as I expected. In the end，we had a wonderful time and appointed to have dinner together tomorrow.

（二）

I expected them to turn away-and turn me away. Catching sight of their confused expression，I immediately felt so nervous that my throat tightened. I thought to myself regretfully，“If only I hadn’t brought the smelly Chinese food，I would not face such a difficult situation.” Just at that very moment，an idea flashed in my mind suddenly，and it filled my mind with a great and bright light. I was determined to share it with them restlessly. With my heart beating wildly， I plucked up my courage and said，“Do you want to have a taste？”“Yes.” Katrina answered firmly. Fortunately，the things just appeared as I expected. Eventually，we had a wonderful time and appointed to have dinner together tomorrow.

通过观察对比这两个文段，学生可以得到的结论有：这些划线词都是副词。副词的功能是可以让句子的表达更具体、生动，起到修饰、强调、连接功能，可以帮助写作者得到更高的分数。

2.通过具体例子来学习副词的分类

（1）方式副词

[例1]“Thanks a lot.”I said.“Thanks a lot.”I said gratefully.

[例2]He said，“If only I had not made such a mistake.”He said regretfully，“If only I had not made such a mistake.”

通过比较观察两个例子，学生可以发现第二个句子比第一个句子更加能体现出动作执行者的动作方式。“gratefully”意为“感激地”，可以强调出说话者的情绪很感激;“regretfully”意为“后悔地”，呈现出说话者由于犯了一个错误，心理很后悔。

（2）时间副词

[例3]Suddenly，he blurted out，“oh，no，my leg is bleeding.”

[例4]Immediately，he rushed out of the room.

时间副词能够表达动作行为或事件的发生存在或结束在时间序列上的相对时间位置，并按时间关系的先后来衔接篇章。“suddenly”意为“突然地”，可以展现出他突然看到自己的腿流血时很紧张; “immediately”意为“直接地，立刻马上”，体现出他冲出房间的动作很快。

（3）程度副词

[例5]I was extremely delighted.

[例6]I felt at a loss completely.

[例7]He was greatly impressed by the movie.

“extremely，completely，greatly”这三个词可以表示出不同的程度，“非常地，完全地，很，尤其地”，一般用来修饰心理动词。“extremely”可以体现出开心的程度很大，“completely”强调出“我”完全不知所措，显示出很无助的状态，“greatly”能显现出“他”受到电影的影响很大。

（4）频率副词

[例8]I frequently reminded myself of what my mother had told me.

[例9]It rained continuously.

[例10]Diligent students occasionally fail this subject.

“frequently，continuously，occasionally”可以看出频率的高低，一般放在一般动词的旁边，能更具体的体现出这个动作发生的频率。frequently强调的是“我”经常被提醒，continuously表示下雨的天气持续了很久;occasionally表示勤奋的学生也会偶然地不合格，隐含的意思是这门课很难。

3.综合练习，巩固提高

（1）给以下的句子添加副词，让句子更丰富、具体

①He rushed back home.②He began to shout loudly.③The dog barked to me.④He lost his confidence.

通过这个练习的设置，可以让学生更明确英语副词的使用方法和功能，位置也比较灵活。符合学校的教学要求，“一课一得”，达到巩固练习的作用。

（2）翻译以下句子，注意使用英语副词

①一看到这个杂乱的场景（scene）时，父亲马上明白了一切。②他温柔地拍了拍儿子的肩膀。③他情不自禁地痛苦地哭了起来。④他后悔地说，“要是我以前就会做菜就好了。”⑤最终，她们成功了。

翻译练习的目的是让学生更灵活使用副词，学以致用。例如“马上”可以是at once＼ immediately，“痛苦地”可以是bitterly＼painfully， “最终”可以是“Finally＼ Eventually”。这些句子的挑选凸显出了读后续写的细节描写，所见、所做、所说，为后边的续写进行了很好的铺垫。

（3）结合高考题，进行读后续写的限时训练

读后续写任务挑选的练习是2021年全国I卷。在给以足够时间学生创作后，进行现场评讲，给以及时的反馈，再结合老师提前准备的范文，进行评讲，注意提醒学生在衔接上要做到自然过渡。

As the twins looked around them in disappointment，their father appeared. Catching the sight of the messy kitchen，father immediately understood everything and comforted them by patting on their shoulders gently. Disappointed and frustrated，Jeff and Jenna couldn’t help crying bitterly. They murmured regretfully，“If I had learned how to make French toast and chicken porridge， we would not face such an embarrassing situation.”Their father firmly suggested making the breakfast together. Certainly，they wasted no time taking actions. Eventually，it didn’t take long before they succeeded in finishing cooking. With everything ready，the smile on their faces shone like a diamond.

英语副词主要分成方式副词、时间副词、程度副词、频率副词。通过课堂教学，学生能学会很多相关副词，并灵活地运用于自己的续写中。英语副词的使用能使文章更加的具体、生动，能所让写出的作品更有生命力，更加吸引读者。作为一线的英语老师，我们在教学过程中更加重视英语副词的使用。

参考文献：

[1]Ernest，Thomas. On the role of semantics in a theory of adverb syntax[J].Lingua，2005.